We are Agustín, Marcos and Sabrina, and these are our concepts to teach: 1) English words are divided into 9 categories: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Pronouns, Adverbs, Exclamations, Determiners, Prepositions and Conjunctions. Now I’m going to teach you Pronouns, specifically Personal Pronouns, which are the ones that we use to replace or refer to a noun. Generally, this noun is alive; it may be a person or an animal. For example: My parents are abroad in Puerto Rico. They come back next month. Mary is single. She isn’t married yet. John has a good job. He is a writer. My friends and I went to Cuba. We had a great time there. Susie is my cat. It sleeps all day. Nataly! You must come here now! When the noun we are referring to is not alive, we can use a personal pronoun too. For example: The sky is getting grey. It is stormy. Look at your room! It´s a mess! I found the tickets. They were under my bed.
As we have seen in the previous examples, Personal Pronouns are used as “subjects” in the sentence. So the Personal Pronouns are: I – first person singular You – second person singular She – third person singular female He – third person singular male It – third person singular animate/inanimate We – first person plural You – second person plural They – third person plural animate/inanimate.
2) Another word class is Adjective. Adjectives describe how something 'is', so they are used to describe nouns. We can place Adjectives before the noun, for example: “A red house”; or we can place them after the verb, usually after the verb to be: “I am intelligent.” Adjectives are always the same for all persons, they don’t have a singular and plural form, or a masculine, feminine and neuter form. For example: • “There are bigs dogs in the street” This example is wrong because adjectives don’t take plurals, it must be “big dogs”. There are many kinds of adjectives, depending on what aspect of the noun they are describing. These kinds are: 1. Opinion: “It’s an interesting book” 2. Dimension: “I eat a big apple” 3. Age: “My mother bought a new car” 4. Shape: “There is a square box here” 5. Color: “Give me that pink hat” 6. Origin: “ I visited a Canadian town” 7. Material: “ Charlie wears a woolen sweater”
3) The future tense in English can be expressed in different ways, one of them is the Future Simple, which uses the modal auxiliary Will before the verb in the sentence. We can use the Future Simple to express: • A spontaneous decision: “Wait a minute and I will help you” • Something that is supposed to happen in the future: “Uncle Tom will arrive late” • An action in the future that cannot be changed: “Spring will begin in three months” • A promise: “I will not eat more candies”
Form of the Future Simple In positive sentences: Subject + will + verb. For example: “She will study tomorrow”
In negative sentences: Subject + will + not + verb. For example: “She will not study tomorrow”
In questions: • Yes/No Questions: Will + subject + verb. For example: “Will she study tomorrow?” • Wh-Questions: Wh-word + will + subject + verb. For example: “What will she do tomorrow?” When we use the Simple Future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb: I will I'll you will you'll he will he'll she will she'll it will it'll we will we'll they will they'll For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won't, like this: I will not I won't you will not you won't he will not he won't she will not she won't it will not it won't we will not we won't they will not they won't
As we can see, the Future Simple Tense is the same for all persons, we don’t make any distinction of gender or number.
I am Magali Gino and these are the concepts that I am going to explain:
• Making exclamations: we can use what (a / an) + adjective + noun to express surprise and make exclamations: what fun! What a discovery!. We can also use so + adjective / adverb: It’s so unexpected!. We can say such + a /an + adjective + noun: we are having such an amazing time.
• First conditional: we use it to talk about the possible future when discussing the consequences of actions or events. First conditional sentences have this structure: if / unless + present simple, future simple. Eg. If we study, we will pass the exam. ( unless = if not)
• Passive voice: we form the different passive tenses with the appropriate tense of be + past participle. Eg. The elephant was named Jumbo. We use the passive to focus on the action rather than the agent and when we want to refer to the agent, we use by. Eg. Helen played the piano (active). The piano was played by Helen.
Hi! I am Luján, I decided to explain, first of all the affirmative form of the Present Progressive or Continuous. This tense is used when we talk about something which is happening now,at the moment of speaking, for example “Peter is reading a book now.” Furthermore, we also use the Present Continuous to refer to a fixed plan in the near future, as in “She is going to Brazil on Saturday.” and to make reference to temporary actions, for instance “My father is working in Buenos Aires this month.”. What is more, this tense is used when referring to actions happening around the moment of speaking, longer actions, as this example illustrates “My friend is preparing for his exams.” It is important to remember that you form this tense in this way: Subject + verb TO BE + infinitive verb + -ing Finally, signal words that would help you identify this tense are: now, at the moment, Look! Listen!.
Another concept that I choose to explain is Demonstrative Pronouns – (this, that, these, those). These concepts refer to things. 'This' and 'These' refer to something that is near, the difference is that we use "This" for a singular object that is near, whereas we use "These" when we refer to more than one object. 'That' and 'Those' refer to things that are farther away, "That" refers to a singular object, and "Those" refer to more than one object. For example: This is my house. That is our car over there. These are my colleagues in this room. Those are beautiful flowers in the next field.
Finally, I will explain the Possessive Adjectives. These are used to show ownership or possession, and they are: I------------my You---------your He----------his She---------her It----------its We----------our They--------their For example, in the sentences “That's my folder.” MY is an adjective which shows that I am the owner of the folder.
---To begin with, I decided to explain the Passive Voice. We refer to Passive Voice when something is done to or happens to the subject of the verb. Therefore, we use passive voice when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action (the doer of the action). Regarding the form of Passive Voice, we have: Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice: * the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence; * the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle); and * the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence. For example: ACTIVE: "Sarah wrote a letter". PASSIVE: "A letter was written by sarah".
---The other concept I would explain is that of Pronouns; trying to make a distinction between personal and objective pronouns. Personal pronouns are pronouns used to substitute proper or common nouns. Depending on the grammatical role in a sentence, English pronouns have a number of forms. We are going to make a comparison now between two of them, and regarding their form, they are used in the following way: * A subjective case is a form used as the subject of a finite verb (I, you, we, they, he, she, it.) * An objective case (me, you, us, them, her, his, it.)is used as the object of a verb or preposition. They are used to make reference to objects or persons already mentioned.
Example: * "Peter gave flowers to Louise" (Peter: person/ flowers:object) "He bought them for her" (He: personal pronoun /them:objective pronoun)
---The last concept I chose to explain is Prepositions. Prepositions are words or word groups that start a noun phrase with more than one word. Prepositions link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. Most prepositions indicate position, show direction or place, such as "on, in, under, behind, next to, over, during, in front of, among others. For instance: * The book is on the table. * The museum is in front of he central square. * The cat is under the bed. * She held the book over the table. * He read the book during class.
Firstly,I'm going to explain future with going to:
we use going to to talk about intentions: e.g. 'there is no milk.''Yes, I know. I'm going to buy some.
We also use going to for predictions about the immediate future, particularly when we already have the evidence of what is going to happen, e.g. Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
To form the future with going to: S+ verb to be + going to + verb in infinitive e.g.I'm going to take the bus.
Secondly, I'm going to explain the future with Will/ Won't: We use will/won't for predictions, promises, threats and decisions. We also use will/won't to give opinions after verbs like be sure, think, know and hope.
We form the future with will/won't in the following way: S+ will/won't + verb in infinitve
e.g. I will be back soon (promise) Jim won't be late (prediction) You will be sorry (threat) We will leave tomnorrow. (decision)
Finally, I'm going to explain the future with Present Continuous: We use the present Continuous to talk about definite future arrangements. This tense is common with time phrases: e.g. I'm seeing Tom tomorrow.
We form the Present Continuous in the following way: S + verb to be + verb with ING: e.g. They aren't coming on Sunday.
The grammar concepts that I decided to explain are: *Adjectives *Adverbs *Demonstratives
ADJECTIVES Adjectives are used to describe nouns. They give more information and can be classified into different types (opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material and purpose).
- My friend has a blue bike. - I made a delicious chocolate cake. - I need two pink pens.
Adjectives come before the nouns they modify (not after them as it happens in Spanish) or after the verb “to be”. - The red apple. – La manzana roja. -He is tall and slim. Adjectives are the same for all nouns. They do not change for plurals or gender. If we need to use more than one adjective, we’ll need to put them in the right order, according to the type.
1.Opinion: explains what you think about something. Examples: silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult.
2.Size: tells you how big or small something is. Examples: large, tiny, enormous, little.
3.Age: tells you how young or old something or someone is. Examples: new, young, old.
4.Shape: describes the shape of something. Examples: square, round, flat.
5.Colour: describes the colour of something. Examples: blue, pink, grey.
6.Origin: describes where something comes from. Examples: French, American, Greek.
7.Material: describes what something is made from. Examples: wooden, metal, cotton, paper.
8.Purpose: describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with "-ing". Examples: sleeping (sleeping bag), roasting (roasting tin).
When there are 2 or more adjectives that are from the same group "and" is placed between the 2 adjectives. • The house is green and red. • The library has old and new books. When there are 3 or more adjectives from the same adjective group, a comma is placed between each of the adjectives. However, the comma is not placed between an adjective and the noun. • We live in the big, green, white and red house at the end of the street. • My friend lost a red, black and white dog, if you see it please let me know.
ADVERBS Adverbs are used to describe actions. They may come before or after a verb, but not between a verb and its object. - He drives careffully. Adverbs may come between a main verb and its auxiliaries. - She is softly singing a lullaby. Some adverbs can be placed at various points in a sentence. - Yesterday I visited the dentist. - I visited the dentist yesterday.
Adverbs such as quite, very, really, extremely, and absolutely are used to modify adjectives and other adverbs. - Greg is quite happy with his new boss. - Sue eats very slowly. - You’re absolutely right!
Many adverbs can be formed by adding –ly to adjectives: - Sarah is a quick runner. - Sarah runs quickly.
DEMOSTRATIVES Demonstratives (this, that, these and those) are used to point out specific things and to indicate whether they are close or far from the speaker. "This" (singular) and "These" (plural) refer to an object or person NEAR the speaker. "That" (singular) and "Those" (plural) refer to an object or person AWAY from the speaker. - These oranges are sweet. - That truck is full. - Those trucks are empty. - This milk is fresh.
Hi! I`m Samanta González and I decided to explain the following concepts. First of all, the affirmative form of the Present Simple. It is used to talk about activities that we repeat regularly (habits and routines) for example “I get up at 7 o`clock”, and states or permanent situations such as “I live in Santa Rosa”. Also, it can be used to talk about things that are always or generally true as “The sun sets in the west”. Furthermore, it can be used to refer about scheduled events in the near future like “The train leaves at 6 p.m”. The form of this tense is: Subject + infinitive verb. However, we add –s or –es to verbs in the third person singular (ending y changes –ies I carry- He carries.). Subject (third person singular) + infinive verb+ s Some examples are: •He watches soap operas. •All my friends like football. •I have a lunch for dinner every day. •Brian watches television every day. •My parents listen to rock music.
Then, I chose comparison of adjectives. The comparative form of the adjectives are used to compare people or things. We use the comparative form to show the difference between two objects, eg: Argentina is bigger than Bolivia. The form of comparatives are: • One-syllable adjective and two-syllables adjective + -ER (+ than) He is taller than John. • MORE+ other two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives (+ than) French is more difficult than English
Also, there are two main irregular adjectives that change their form : good and bad, which change to better and worse respectively. My father is better than my brother.
Finally, I chose prepositions of place. A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. This kind of prepositions are used to show where something or someone is located. The most common are: ON, IN, OVER, UNDER, IN FRONT OF, BEHIND, NEAR, NEXT TO, BETWEEN and BELOW. Some examples are: The man is next to the window. The toy is under the table. The cat sat on the mat. The park is in front of the bank.
Hi there! I’m Mercedes and I chose these three concepts: Existentials, Comparatives and Adverbs of frequency.
There is/ are We use there is/ are when we want to say that something exists. When we want to refer to singular nouns we use there is, when we want to refer to plural nouns we use there are. Example: Positive and contractions There is a cat on the chair There’s a cat on the chair There are two beds in the bedroom There're two beds in the bedrooms Negative There is not a pillow on the bed There isn’t a pillow on the bed There are not cushions on the sofa There aren’t cushions on the sofa
Adverbs of frequency We use adverbs of frequency when we want to say how often we do some activities such as watching television, going to the cinema, gym, school, etc. The most common adverbs of frequency are: Always usually often sometimes never Example: I always get up at 7 I usually go to school by bus I often watch television in the morning I sometimes have a lunch in a restaurant I never arrive late
Comparatives We use comparatives when we want to compare two things. It is formed with the adjective + er and the conjunction "than" after the comparative. Tom is taller than Mike Some adjectives of two syllables, and all adjectives of three or more syllables, form the comparative with more. Beautiful more beautiful Difficult more difficult Expensive more expensive There are irregular adjectives which form the comparative with a different word and not by adding –er or more Good – better Bad – worse
Hi! I'm Gabriela Gilardenghi and I decided to teach firstly PRESENT CONTINUOUS: *We use this tense in order to indicate that an action or situation is happening now, at the time of speaking: Peter is listening to the radio at this moment. Carina is dancing with her new friend now. *We also use the present continuous tense for changing situations: This plant is growing very fast. In the negative form you only have to add "NOT": He is not studying. She is not reading. For the question form you have to follow this structure: verb to be + the subject + -ing form + the complement. Is he going t the shopping mall? Is Sarah reading?
Second topic: USES OF ARTICLE "THE" The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. For example:
"The dog that bit me ran away."(Specific dog, the dog that bit me)
"I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!" (particular policeman) "I saw the elephant at the zoo."(Probably there is only one elephant at the zoo)
Countables and Uncountables Nouns: The can be used with noncount nouns. "He spilled the milk all over the floor"
Geographical use of "THE": Do not use the before:
•names of most countries/territories: •names of cities, towns, or states: •names of streets: •names of lakes and bays: •names of mountains: •names of continents •names of islands
THIRD TOPIC: Indefinite Articles: a and an A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group: "Somebody call a policeman" •"When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!" Using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word: •a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog •an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan •a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university; a unicycle •an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour •a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse If the noun is modified by an adjective, the choice between a and an depends on the initial sound of the adjective that immediately follows the article: •a broken egg •an unusual problem •a European country In English, the indefinite articles are used to indicate membership in a group: •I am a teacher. (I am a member of a large group known as teachers.) •Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a member of the people known as Irish.)
I am Nicolás Miró and these are the Grammatical Contents I would explain. Present simple Present continuos Past simple Present simple. It is used to talk about things we do as routine activities. Things we do with a certain frequency. We also include in this type of sentences adverbs of frequency such as always, usually, seldom, often, never, etc. A good example would be: • Nico goes to gym classes twice a week. • Graciana usually goes to the cinema. A good activity to apply this topic could be a chart with the days of the week and timetables with sports or ativities performed by the actor. Present continuous It is used to talk about things we are doing at the moment and we continue doing them. It is useful to talk about the immediate activities we are performing at the time of speaking. Example: • Juliana is cooking for all her friends. • Robert is complaining about chinesse food that Juliana is cooking now. An activity that can fit in this type of content would be conversation between students, in which they ask different questions one another. Past Simple: This tense is used to talk about things we did in the past and are totally finished by the time we talk about them. That is to say, something I did in the past and doesn´t continue in the present. Example: • George bought a new car yesterday. • Cristina worked all day long. A good activity for this topic would be short stories in which you narrate a story that occurred in the past.
Hi, I am ABI RODRIGUEZ MORETTI and I choose to explain PRESENT SIMPLE, PRESENT CONTINUOUS, and STATIVE VERBS.
PRESENT SIMPLE
We use it for: •Facts and permanent states: Frank workS as a lawyer. •General truths and laws of nature: Water freezES at 0°. •Habits and routines: (together with ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY) : She always getS up at 7 o’clock. •Timetables and programmes (in the future): Her train arriveS at six o’clock next Friday. •Feelings and emotions : I LOVE Argentina. She loveS La Pampa.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (to be + verb-ing)
We use it for: •For actions taking place at the moment of speaking: I AM listenING to music. •For temporary situations: We ARE decorating the room this week. •For fixed arrangements in the near future: I AM going out tonight.
STATIVE VERBS
Are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and so do not usually have a continuous tense. Example: •Verbs of the senses: see, smell, hear, taste, look, feel. •Verbs of perception: believe,know,understand. •Verbs which express feelings and emotions : like, love, hate, want. •Some others verbs: be, contain, belong, want, owe, wish, have.
Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses, but differ in meaning. For example:
HAVE In PRESENT SIMPLE: I THINK he is a very good doctor. (I believe) In PRESENT CONTINUOUS: We ARE thinking about moving house. ( we are considering)
SEE In PRESENT SIMPLE: I SEE what you mean. (I understand) In PRESENT CONTINUOUS: I AM seeing the doctor at 10 o’clock. (I am meeting)
Hi! I’m Ornella and these are the 3 concepts I will explain. 1. Countable and Uncountable nouns. There are two kinds of nouns in English: countable (C) and uncountable (U). C= things you can count. C nouns can be singular or plural. One apple, two apples, three apples. U=things you can’t count. U nouns can’t be plural. Butter, meat NOT two butters, three meats.
Related with this we should take into account the use of the following words: some/any Countable Uncountable +We need an apple some butter Some apples some milk -We don’t need a tomato any rice Any tomatoes any sugar ¿Do we need a tomato? Any rice? Any tomatoes? Any sugar?
We use a/an with singular C nouns. We use some with plural C nouns and U nouns in + (affirmative form). We use any with plural C nouns and U nouns in – (negatove form) and ¿ (questions).
2. The other concept is Comparative Adjectives. E.g. Red cars are safer than green cars. Sharks are more dangerous than mosquitoes. Tigers are better swimmers than cats. We use comparative adjectives + than to compare two people or things. Adjective Comparative Old older one-syllable adj: add –er Big bigger adj. ending one vowel + one consonant: double the consonant and add –er Famous more famous two or more syllable adj: more + adj. Good better irregular Bad worse Far further
3. The last concept is related to the previous one: Superlative Adjectives. E.g. It’s the hottest country in the world. The most dangerous time is the winter. We use the + superlative adjective to say which is the biggest, etc. in a group. Adjective Superlative Cold the coldest add –est Hot the hottest double consonant and add –est pretty the prettiest change the y for i and add –est dangerous the most dangerous adj. with two or more syllables: the most + adj. good the best irregular bad the worst far the furthest March 29, 2011 7:24 PM
We are so glad you devoted time to prepare each of these grammar topics. It shows a deep insight into the topics and an excellent teacher's stance. Well done! Estela
hich is clear to students.
We are Agustín, Marcos and Sabrina, and these are our concepts to teach:
ReplyDelete1) English words are divided into 9 categories: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Pronouns, Adverbs, Exclamations, Determiners, Prepositions and Conjunctions. Now I’m going to teach you Pronouns, specifically Personal Pronouns, which are the ones that we use to replace or refer to a noun. Generally, this noun is alive; it may be a person or an animal. For example:
My parents are abroad in Puerto Rico. They come back next month.
Mary is single. She isn’t married yet.
John has a good job. He is a writer.
My friends and I went to Cuba. We had a great time there.
Susie is my cat. It sleeps all day.
Nataly! You must come here now!
When the noun we are referring to is not alive, we can use a personal pronoun too.
For example:
The sky is getting grey. It is stormy.
Look at your room! It´s a mess!
I found the tickets. They were under my bed.
As we have seen in the previous examples, Personal Pronouns are used as “subjects” in the sentence.
So the Personal Pronouns are:
I – first person singular
You – second person singular
She – third person singular female
He – third person singular male
It – third person singular animate/inanimate
We – first person plural
You – second person plural
They – third person plural animate/inanimate.
2) Another word class is Adjective. Adjectives describe how something 'is', so they are used to describe nouns. We can place Adjectives before the noun, for example: “A red house”; or we can place them after the verb, usually after the verb to be: “I am intelligent.”
Adjectives are always the same for all persons, they don’t have a singular and plural form, or a masculine, feminine and neuter form.
For example:
• “There are bigs dogs in the street” This example is wrong because adjectives don’t take plurals, it must be “big dogs”.
There are many kinds of adjectives, depending on what aspect of the noun they are describing. These kinds are:
1. Opinion: “It’s an interesting book”
2. Dimension: “I eat a big apple”
3. Age: “My mother bought a new car”
4. Shape: “There is a square box here”
5. Color: “Give me that pink hat”
6. Origin: “ I visited a Canadian town”
7. Material: “ Charlie wears a woolen sweater”
3) The future tense in English can be expressed in different ways, one of them is the Future Simple, which uses the modal auxiliary Will before the verb in the sentence.
We can use the Future Simple to express:
• A spontaneous decision: “Wait a minute and I will help you”
• Something that is supposed to happen in the future: “Uncle Tom will arrive late”
• An action in the future that cannot be changed: “Spring will begin in three months”
• A promise: “I will not eat more candies”
Form of the Future Simple
In positive sentences: Subject + will + verb. For example: “She will study tomorrow”
In negative sentences: Subject + will + not + verb. For example: “She will not study tomorrow”
In questions:
• Yes/No Questions: Will + subject + verb. For example: “Will she study tomorrow?”
• Wh-Questions: Wh-word + will + subject + verb. For example: “What will she do tomorrow?”
When we use the Simple Future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:
I will I'll
you will you'll
he will he'll
she will she'll
it will it'll
we will we'll
they will they'll
For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won't, like this:
I will not I won't
you will not you won't
he will not he won't
she will not she won't
it will not it won't
we will not we won't
they will not they won't
As we can see, the Future Simple Tense is the same for all persons, we don’t make any distinction of gender or number.
I am Magali Gino and these are the concepts that I am going to explain:
ReplyDelete• Making exclamations: we can use what (a / an) + adjective + noun to express surprise and make exclamations: what fun! What a discovery!.
We can also use so + adjective / adverb: It’s so unexpected!.
We can say such + a /an + adjective + noun: we are having such an amazing time.
• First conditional: we use it to talk about the possible future when discussing the consequences of actions or events. First conditional sentences have this structure: if / unless + present simple, future simple. Eg. If we study, we will pass the exam. ( unless = if not)
• Passive voice: we form the different passive tenses with the appropriate tense of be + past participle. Eg. The elephant was named Jumbo.
We use the passive to focus on the action rather than the agent and when we want to refer to the agent, we use by. Eg. Helen played the piano (active). The piano was played by Helen.
Hi! I am Luján, I decided to explain, first of all the affirmative form of the Present Progressive or Continuous.
ReplyDeleteThis tense is used when we talk about something which is happening now,at the moment of speaking, for example “Peter is reading a book now.” Furthermore, we also use the Present Continuous to refer to a fixed plan in the near future, as in “She is going to Brazil on Saturday.” and to make reference to temporary actions, for instance “My father is working in Buenos Aires this month.”. What is more, this tense is used when referring to actions happening around the moment of speaking, longer actions, as this example illustrates “My friend is preparing for his exams.”
It is important to remember that you form this tense in this way:
Subject + verb TO BE + infinitive verb + -ing
Finally, signal words that would help you identify this tense are: now, at the moment, Look! Listen!.
Another concept that I choose to explain is Demonstrative Pronouns – (this, that, these, those). These concepts refer to things. 'This' and 'These' refer to something that is near, the difference is that we use "This" for a singular object that is near, whereas we use "These" when we refer to more than one object. 'That' and 'Those' refer to things that are farther away, "That" refers to a singular object, and "Those" refer to more than one object.
For example:
This is my house.
That is our car over there.
These are my colleagues in this room.
Those are beautiful flowers in the next field.
Finally, I will explain the Possessive Adjectives. These are used to show ownership or possession, and they are:
I------------my
You---------your
He----------his
She---------her
It----------its
We----------our
They--------their
For example, in the sentences “That's my folder.” MY is an adjective which shows that I am the owner of the folder.
---To begin with, I decided to explain the Passive Voice.
ReplyDeleteWe refer to Passive Voice when something is done to or happens to the subject of the verb. Therefore, we use passive voice when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action (the doer of the action).
Regarding the form of Passive Voice, we have:
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice:
* the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence;
* the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle); and
* the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence.
For example:
ACTIVE: "Sarah wrote a letter".
PASSIVE: "A letter was written by sarah".
---The other concept I would explain is that of Pronouns; trying to make a distinction between personal and objective pronouns.
Personal pronouns are pronouns used to substitute proper or common nouns.
Depending on the grammatical role in a sentence, English pronouns have a number of forms. We are going to make a comparison now between two of them, and regarding their form, they are used in the following way:
* A subjective case is a form used as the subject of a finite verb (I, you, we, they, he, she, it.)
* An objective case (me, you, us, them, her, his, it.)is used as the object of a verb or preposition. They are used to make reference to objects or persons already mentioned.
Example:
* "Peter gave flowers to Louise"
(Peter: person/ flowers:object)
"He bought them for her"
(He: personal pronoun /them:objective pronoun)
---The last concept I chose to explain is Prepositions.
Prepositions are words or word groups that start a noun phrase with more than one word. Prepositions link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence.
Most prepositions indicate position, show direction or place, such as "on, in, under, behind, next to, over, during, in front of, among others. For instance:
* The book is on the table.
* The museum is in front of he central square.
* The cat is under the bed.
* She held the book over the table.
* He read the book during class.
--Belén--
Firstly,I'm going to explain future with going to:
ReplyDeletewe use going to to talk about intentions:
e.g. 'there is no milk.''Yes, I know. I'm going to buy some.
We also use going to for predictions about the immediate future, particularly when we already have the evidence of what is going to happen, e.g. Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
To form the future with going to:
S+ verb to be + going to + verb in infinitive
e.g.I'm going to take the bus.
Secondly, I'm going to explain the future with Will/ Won't:
We use will/won't for predictions, promises, threats and decisions. We also use will/won't to give opinions after verbs like be sure, think, know and hope.
We form the future with will/won't in the following way:
S+ will/won't + verb in infinitve
e.g. I will be back soon (promise)
Jim won't be late (prediction)
You will be sorry (threat)
We will leave tomnorrow. (decision)
Finally, I'm going to explain the future with Present Continuous:
We use the present Continuous to talk about definite future arrangements.
This tense is common with time phrases:
e.g. I'm seeing Tom tomorrow.
We form the Present Continuous in the following way:
S + verb to be + verb with ING:
e.g. They aren't coming on Sunday.
Analuz Alonso
ReplyDeleteThe grammar concepts that I decided to explain are:
*Adjectives
*Adverbs
*Demonstratives
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are used to describe nouns. They give more information and can be classified into different types (opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material and purpose).
- My friend has a blue bike.
- I made a delicious chocolate cake.
- I need two pink pens.
Adjectives come before the nouns they modify (not after them as it happens in Spanish) or after the verb “to be”.
- The red apple.
– La manzana roja.
-He is tall and slim.
Adjectives are the same for all nouns. They do not change for plurals or gender.
If we need to use more than one adjective, we’ll need to put them in the right order, according to the type.
1.Opinion: explains what you think about something. Examples: silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult.
2.Size: tells you how big or small something is. Examples: large, tiny, enormous, little.
3.Age: tells you how young or old something or someone is. Examples: new, young, old.
4.Shape: describes the shape of something. Examples: square, round, flat.
5.Colour: describes the colour of something. Examples: blue, pink, grey.
6.Origin: describes where something comes from. Examples: French, American, Greek.
7.Material: describes what something is made from. Examples: wooden, metal, cotton, paper.
8.Purpose: describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with "-ing". Examples: sleeping (sleeping bag), roasting (roasting tin).
When there are 2 or more adjectives that are from the same group "and" is placed between the 2 adjectives.
• The house is green and red.
• The library has old and new books.
When there are 3 or more adjectives from the same adjective group, a comma is placed between each of the adjectives. However, the comma is not placed between an adjective and the noun.
• We live in the big, green, white and red house at the end of the street.
• My friend lost a red, black and white dog, if you see it please let me know.
ADVERBS
Adverbs are used to describe actions. They may come before or after a verb, but not between a verb and its object.
- He drives careffully.
Adverbs may come between a main verb and its auxiliaries.
- She is softly singing a lullaby.
Some adverbs can be placed at various points in a sentence.
- Yesterday I visited the dentist.
- I visited the dentist yesterday.
Adverbs such as quite, very, really, extremely, and absolutely are used to modify adjectives and other adverbs.
- Greg is quite happy with his new boss.
- Sue eats very slowly.
- You’re absolutely right!
Many adverbs can be formed by adding –ly to adjectives:
- Sarah is a quick runner.
- Sarah runs quickly.
DEMOSTRATIVES
Demonstratives (this, that, these and those) are used to point out specific things and to indicate whether they are close or far from the speaker.
"This" (singular) and "These" (plural) refer to an object or person NEAR the speaker.
"That" (singular) and "Those" (plural) refer to an object or person AWAY from the speaker.
- These oranges are sweet.
- That truck is full.
- Those trucks are empty.
- This milk is fresh.
Hi! I`m Samanta González and I decided to explain the following concepts.
ReplyDeleteFirst of all, the affirmative form of the Present Simple.
It is used to talk about activities that we repeat regularly (habits and routines) for example “I get up at 7 o`clock”, and states or permanent situations such as “I live in Santa Rosa”. Also, it can be used to talk about things that are always or generally true as “The sun sets in the west”. Furthermore, it can be used to refer about scheduled events in the near future like “The train leaves at 6 p.m”.
The form of this tense is: Subject + infinitive verb.
However, we add –s or –es to verbs in the third person singular (ending y changes –ies I carry- He carries.). Subject (third person singular) + infinive verb+ s
Some examples are:
•He watches soap operas.
•All my friends like football.
•I have a lunch for dinner every day.
•Brian watches television every day.
•My parents listen to rock music.
Then, I chose comparison of adjectives.
The comparative form of the adjectives are used to compare people or things. We use the comparative form to show the difference between two objects, eg: Argentina is bigger than Bolivia.
The form of comparatives are:
• One-syllable adjective and two-syllables adjective + -ER (+ than)
He is taller than John.
• MORE+ other two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives (+ than)
French is more difficult than English
Also, there are two main irregular adjectives that change their form : good and bad, which change to better and worse respectively.
My father is better than my brother.
Finally, I chose prepositions of place.
A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. This kind of prepositions are used to show where something or someone is located. The most common are: ON, IN, OVER, UNDER, IN FRONT OF, BEHIND, NEAR, NEXT TO, BETWEEN and BELOW. Some examples are:
The man is next to the window.
The toy is under the table.
The cat sat on the mat.
The park is in front of the bank.
Hi there! I’m Mercedes and I chose these three concepts: Existentials, Comparatives and Adverbs of frequency.
ReplyDeleteThere is/ are
We use there is/ are when we want to say that something exists. When we want to refer to singular nouns we use there is, when we want to refer to plural nouns we use there are.
Example:
Positive and contractions
There is a cat on the chair There’s a cat on the chair
There are two beds in the bedroom There're two beds in the bedrooms
Negative
There is not a pillow on the bed There isn’t a pillow on the bed
There are not cushions on the sofa There aren’t cushions on the sofa
Adverbs of frequency
We use adverbs of frequency when we want to say how often we do some activities such as watching television, going to the cinema, gym, school, etc. The most common adverbs of frequency are:
Always usually often sometimes never
Example:
I always get up at 7
I usually go to school by bus
I often watch television in the morning
I sometimes have a lunch in a restaurant
I never arrive late
Comparatives
We use comparatives when we want to compare two things. It is formed with the adjective + er and the conjunction "than" after the comparative.
Tom is taller than Mike
Some adjectives of two syllables, and all adjectives of three or more syllables, form the comparative with more.
Beautiful more beautiful
Difficult more difficult
Expensive more expensive
There are irregular adjectives which form the comparative with a different word and not by adding –er or more
Good – better
Bad – worse
Hi! I'm Gabriela Gilardenghi and I decided to teach firstly PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
ReplyDelete*We use this tense in order to indicate that an action or situation is happening now, at the time of speaking:
Peter is listening to the radio at this moment.
Carina is dancing with her new friend now.
*We also use the present continuous tense for changing situations:
This plant is growing very fast.
In the negative form you only have to add "NOT":
He is not studying.
She is not reading.
For the question form you have to follow this structure:
verb to be + the subject + -ing form + the complement.
Is he going t the shopping mall?
Is Sarah reading?
Second topic:
USES OF ARTICLE "THE"
The definite article is used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group. For example:
"The dog that bit me ran away."(Specific dog, the dog that bit me)
"I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat!" (particular policeman)
"I saw the elephant at the zoo."(Probably there is only one elephant at the zoo)
Countables and Uncountables Nouns:
The can be used with noncount nouns.
"He spilled the milk all over the floor"
Geographical use of "THE":
Do not use the before:
•names of most countries/territories:
•names of cities, towns, or states:
•names of streets:
•names of lakes and bays:
•names of mountains:
•names of continents
•names of islands
THIRD TOPIC: Indefinite Articles: a and an
A" and "an" signal that the noun modified is indefinite, referring to any member of a group:
"Somebody call a policeman"
•"When I was at the zoo, I saw an elephant!"
Using a or an depends on the sound that begins the next word:
•a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog
•an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an idiot; an orphan
•a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user (sounds like 'yoo-zer,' i.e. begins with a consonant 'y' sound, so 'a' is used); a university; a unicycle
•an + nouns starting with silent "h": an hour
•a + nouns starting with a pronounced "h": a horse
If the noun is modified by an adjective, the choice between a and an depends on the initial sound of the adjective that immediately follows the article:
•a broken egg
•an unusual problem
•a European country
In English, the indefinite articles are used to indicate membership in a group:
•I am a teacher. (I am a member of a large group known as teachers.)
•Brian is an Irishman. (Brian is a member of the people known as Irish.)
I am Nicolás Miró and these are the Grammatical Contents I would explain.
ReplyDeletePresent simple
Present continuos
Past simple
Present simple.
It is used to talk about things we do as routine activities. Things we do with a certain frequency. We also include in this type of sentences adverbs of frequency such as always, usually, seldom, often, never, etc.
A good example would be:
• Nico goes to gym classes twice a week.
• Graciana usually goes to the cinema.
A good activity to apply this topic could be a chart with the days of the week and timetables with sports or ativities performed by the actor.
Present continuous
It is used to talk about things we are doing at the moment and we continue doing them. It is useful to talk about the immediate activities we are performing at the time of speaking.
Example:
• Juliana is cooking for all her friends.
• Robert is complaining about chinesse food that Juliana is cooking now.
An activity that can fit in this type of content would be conversation between students, in which they ask different questions one another.
Past Simple:
This tense is used to talk about things we did in the past and are totally finished by the time we talk about them. That is to say, something I did in the past and doesn´t continue in the present.
Example:
• George bought a new car yesterday.
• Cristina worked all day long.
A good activity for this topic would be short stories in which you narrate a story that occurred in the past.
Hi, I am ABI RODRIGUEZ MORETTI and I choose to explain PRESENT SIMPLE, PRESENT CONTINUOUS, and STATIVE VERBS.
ReplyDeletePRESENT SIMPLE
We use it for:
•Facts and permanent states: Frank workS as a lawyer.
•General truths and laws of nature: Water freezES at 0°.
•Habits and routines: (together with ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY) : She always getS up at 7 o’clock.
•Timetables and programmes (in the future): Her train arriveS at six o’clock next Friday.
•Feelings and emotions : I LOVE Argentina. She loveS La Pampa.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (to be + verb-ing)
We use it for:
•For actions taking place at the moment of speaking: I AM listenING to music.
•For temporary situations: We ARE decorating the room this week.
•For fixed arrangements in the near future: I AM going out tonight.
STATIVE VERBS
Are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and so do not usually have a continuous tense. Example:
•Verbs of the senses: see, smell, hear, taste, look, feel.
•Verbs of perception: believe,know,understand.
•Verbs which express feelings and emotions : like, love, hate, want.
•Some others verbs: be, contain, belong, want, owe, wish, have.
Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses, but differ in meaning. For example:
HAVE
In PRESENT SIMPLE: I THINK he is a very good doctor. (I believe)
In PRESENT CONTINUOUS: We ARE thinking about moving house. ( we are considering)
SEE
In PRESENT SIMPLE: I SEE what you mean. (I understand)
In PRESENT CONTINUOUS: I AM seeing the doctor at 10 o’clock. (I am meeting)
Hi! I’m Ornella and these are the 3 concepts I will explain.
ReplyDelete1. Countable and Uncountable nouns.
There are two kinds of nouns in English: countable (C) and uncountable (U).
C= things you can count. C nouns can be singular or plural. One apple, two apples, three apples.
U=things you can’t count. U nouns can’t be plural.
Butter, meat NOT two butters, three meats.
Related with this we should take into account the use of the following words: some/any
Countable Uncountable
+We need an apple some butter
Some apples some milk
-We don’t need a tomato any rice
Any tomatoes any sugar
¿Do we need a tomato? Any rice?
Any tomatoes? Any sugar?
We use a/an with singular C nouns.
We use some with plural C nouns and U nouns in + (affirmative form).
We use any with plural C nouns and U nouns in – (negatove form) and ¿ (questions).
2. The other concept is Comparative Adjectives.
E.g. Red cars are safer than green cars.
Sharks are more dangerous than mosquitoes.
Tigers are better swimmers than cats.
We use comparative adjectives + than to compare two people or things.
Adjective Comparative
Old older one-syllable adj: add –er
Big bigger adj. ending one vowel + one consonant: double the consonant and add –er
Famous more famous two or more syllable adj: more + adj.
Good better irregular
Bad worse
Far further
3. The last concept is related to the previous one: Superlative Adjectives.
E.g. It’s the hottest country in the world.
The most dangerous time is the winter.
We use the + superlative adjective to say which is the biggest, etc. in a group.
Adjective Superlative
Cold the coldest add –est
Hot the hottest double consonant and add –est
pretty the prettiest change the y for i and add –est
dangerous the most dangerous adj. with two or more syllables: the most + adj.
good the best irregular
bad the worst
far the furthest
March 29, 2011 7:24 PM
Hats Off!! Liliana
ReplyDeleteWe are so glad you devoted time to prepare each of these grammar topics. It shows a deep insight into the topics and an excellent teacher's stance. Well done! Estela
ReplyDelete